1. Vietnamese regulations
In Vietnam, regulations concerning allergens in food are managed under food safety legislation such as:
– The Food Safety Law (2010): requires food businesses to comply with labeling and to provide information on allergens.
– Decree 15/2018/ND-CP: details several articles of the Food Safety Law, including provisions on food labeling and declaring allergens.
– Circular 34/2014/TT-BYT: governs food labeling and requires allergens potentially present in the food product to be clearly noted.
2. Common food allergens that must be clearly labeled
The regulations require a clear statement on the label if the product contains, or may contain, the following common allergens:
– Wheat (gluten)
– Milk (lactose)
– Soybeans
– Peanuts
– Tree nuts (almonds, walnuts, cashews...)
– Eggs
– Fish and crustacean shellfish
– Mustard
– Sesame seeds
– Sulfites (in some processed foods)
3. International regulations on food allergens
– Codex Alimentarius (the international food standards body): the international food safety standard, which governs the labeling and control of allergens in food. Countries generally adopt or refer to this code.
– EU regulation (Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011): governs the provision of food information to consumers, including clearly noting allergens in the ingredient list.
– US regulation (FDA — Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act): requires food manufacturers to declare the major allergens on product labels.
4. Control during production
Food manufacturers and processors need to apply a food safety management system such as HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points) to ensure no cross-contamination between allergens and products that do not contain allergens.
5. Labeling and consumer information
– Allergen labeling is a mandatory requirement. Food products must state allergens clearly in the ingredient list and warning information, usually printed in bold or with more prominent lettering so consumers can identify them easily.
– Complying with these regulations not only protects consumer health but also keeps businesses clear of legal risks and protects their brand.
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